Markets have rapidly priced the risks of prolonged disruption to Gulf energy supplies, but the political incentives still point towards an eventual off-ramp. Beyond the immediate shock, the crisis could accelerate significant changes in energy security, US asset risk and global diversification.
In periods of shock, markets often seize on the worst plausible outcome and treat it as the base case. That instinct is evident now. Missile strikes on Qatar's Ras Laffan facility have removed around 17% of the country's LNG export capacity for several years, while the effective near‑closure of the Strait of Hormuz has produced the largest disruption to energy and global supply chains in decades. For European importers still adjusting to life after Russian gas, and for Asian economies that built their industrial models on cheap and reliable Gulf energy, this is a genuine and protracted terms‑of‑trade shock. The likely macro pattern is familiar: higher headline inflation, weaker real incomes and pressure on energy‑intensive industries.
However, the political incentives around the conflict point towards seeking an exit rather than prolonging it. The US administration faces elections later this year, at a time when poll data show a clear majority of voters dissatisfied with both the economy and the cost of living. A prolonged energy squeeze would reinforce that pressure. It is therefore notable that Washington has characterised the conflict in relatively contained terms, while Iran has allowed selective passage through Hormuz, reduced the pace of strikes and framed its restraint as conditional rather than unilateral - together offering a plausible path to de‑escalation. Admittedly, that path narrowed considerably towards the end of the week as renewed strikes on Gulf energy infrastructure sent Brent briefly towards US$120 a barrel, and the weekend brought a US ultimatum to reopen Hormuz met by Iranian threats to close it entirely and strike critical infrastructure across the region. Even so, the off‑ramp remains our base case - the underlying political and economic incentives on both sides have not changed - but the window is narrower and more fragile than it appeared only days ago, and the range of potential outcomes around that base case has widened.